A gutter calculator works out how much guttering to buy, how many downspouts you need and how many hangers to hold it up — from your eave length and the roof area each run drains. It sizes the drainage so the system actually keeps up in a downpour.
The number that matters beyond length is downspouts: too few and the gutters overflow no matter how big they are. This applies the one-per-35-feet and one-per-800-square-feet rules and takes the larger.
Gutter length = eave length. Downspouts = the greater of eave length ÷ 35 ft and roof area ÷ 800 sq ft (rounded up, minimum 1). Hangers = eave length ÷ hanger spacing. Corners, end caps and elbows depend on your roof's shape and are added separately.
120 ft of eaves draining 1,600 sq ft of roof needs about 120 ft of gutter, 4 downspouts and ~60 hangers at 24 in spacing.